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 +INTRANZ
 +
 +====== Weaponry – Designations ====== 
 +
 +  * [[#sword]]
 +  * [[#spear]]
 +  * [[#axe]]
 +
 +
 +===== sword ===== 
 +
 +{{:theoretisches:schwert_bezeichnungen_en.svg?nolink&1000|drawing: sword designations}}
 +
 +
 +==== pommel ==== 
 +
 +The pommel is a thickening below the hilt. The pommel creates the necessary counterweight to the weight of the blade. Through it, the center of gravity is significantly influenced. Viking Age pommels are mostly hollow. Next to the quillons, it is the element most subject to fashion. 
 +
 +
 +==== Handle ====
 +
 +The hilt, also called the handle, is the part of the weapon by which it is normally held. It is usually shaped to allow for various hand positions and to provide a sense of blade alignment. Viking Age hilts are usually only slightly larger than the hand itself.
 +
 +
 +==== Parry ====
 +
 +The parry is a guard for the hand that is attached between the blade and the hilt. Initially, the parry was only intended to passively prevent blades from slipping onto the hand, but over time it was increasingly used actively.
 +
 +
 +==== Blade ====
 +
 +The blade is a long, flat, hardened sheet of metal ground on one or both sides. In a weapon ground on one side, the part opposite the cutting edge is called the **back**. The blades of swords are always double-edged.
 +There is often a depression that runs the length of the blade. It is located on the flat side of the blade between the cutting edges or between the cutting edge and the spine and is called a **hollow**.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +==== cutting edge ====
 +
 +The sharp edge of the blade is called the **edge**. 
 +
 +
 +==== tip ====
 +
 +The end of the blade where the cutting edges meet is usually pointed and is called the point or point. This is used to make the stitches.
 +
 +
 +
 +==== tang ====
 +
 +The tang is a thorn-like projection of the blade that usually runs through the guard and hilt into the pommel, providing the connection between the pommel, hilt, guard and blade.\\
 +The majority of this part is not visible from the outside.
 +
 +
 +
 +==== Center of gravity ====
 +
 +The center of gravity of the weapon is the point at which the weapon is balanced. The point at which both sides exert the same torque (force times lever arm). The center of gravity is also called the balance point. Viking era weapons have the center of gravity in the 17 cm range. Modern CB swords have it in the range of 7 cm.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +==== Swing point ====
 +
 +The swing points are the points where the nodes of the standing wave are located when the saber is vibrated by a blow. 
 +
 +
 +==== Pivot Point ====
 + 
 +The pivot point, also called the pivot point or pivot point, is the point about which the saber rotates when there is a motion impulse on the saber.
 +The point depends on the starting point of the impulse. Normally, for testing, the impulse is applied at the swing point 1 at the handle.
 +The position of this point is essential for the guideability of the sword. Depending on the fencing style, a different position is favorable.
 +
 +
 +==== Strength ====
 +
 +Strength is called the area of the blade that often has a short lever arm against it in a tethering situation due to its proximity to the hilt and is therefore stronger.
 +
 +
 +
 +==== weakness ====
 +
 +Weakness is called the area where the application of force in a tethering situation is weaker than in the area of strength due to the long lever arm to the hand.
 +
 +This is not comparable to the transmission of force in a striking situation.
 +
 +The weakness is the area of the blade that is mainly used to place the hits.
 +
 +
 +==== Sword scabbard ====
 +
 +The sword scabbard is a sheath for the blade of the sword. Its purpose is to protect the wearer from the edge and the edge from environmental influences.
 +Due to this double effect of protection, often the drawing of the weapon is of strong symbolic meaning, as the protective effect is given up in both directions. 
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +===== spear =====
 +
 +
 +{{:theoretisches:speerspitze_bezeichnungen_en.svg?nolink&1000|drawing: spearhead designations}}
 +
 +{{:theoretisches:speer_bezeichnungen_en.svg?nolink&1000|drawing: spear designations}}
 +
 +
 +==== leaf ==== 
 +The blade is a long, flat, sharpened, hardened sheet of metal ground on both sides.
 +The part of a spearhead bounded by the cutting edges, the tip, and the throat or grommet is called the blade. This part gives the spearhead its actual shape. Spearheads are occasionally named after leaves of trees, such as willow leaf, linden leaf, or birch leaf spearheads.
 +
 +
 +==== back ==== 
 +The spine is the stiffening central ridge of a spear blade that runs between the cutting edges. The shaping of the spine is the main factor in the stiffness/transverse stability of the blade.
 +
 +
 +==== Neck ==== 
 +The neck is the usually short, constricted area between the blade and the grommet. The neck transitions from the grommet directly into the spine. This makes it difficult to accurately delineate for length measurements, as the transition cannot be defined exactly across all forms of spearheads. Not all spearheads have a neck.
 +
 +
 +==== Grommet ==== 
 +The grommet is predominantly a cone-shaped rolled sheet. The grommet may be completely closed or it may have one or two openings.
 +The grommet is the section of a spearhead that surrounds the shaft and is used to attach the spearhead to the shaft. This may be glued or with a rivet.
 +
 +
 +
 +==== rivet ====
 +The rivet is a metal pin that goes through the grommet into the wood of the shaft, securing the spear point to the shaft. Often the rivet goes all the way through the grommet and is then riveted on both sides. Usually the rivet runs parallel to the orientation of the blade.
 +
 +
 +==== Wings ==== 
 +Wings are attachments to the grommet that are usually wing-shaped. The exact historical use is always addressed differently. Possible interpretations are: The wings serve as hooks to lock down an opponent's shields or weapons to perform other maneuvers, or as a guard similar to the parry to prevent the pierced body from sliding up.
 +
 +
 +==== Shaft ==== 
 +The shaft is the elongated wooden part of a spear. It essentially defines the length of the spear. It is where the spear is held and guided. The shaft is straight to ensure good transmission of force.
 +
 +
 +==== Lance shoe ==== 
 +The lance shoe, or crown, is a metal sleeve for the lower end of the spear to prevent wear when the spear is set up. There are also special forms with a special purpose, as in the Frisian Kletsie. In the Kletsie, the lance shoe is a kind of trident, intended to create a better grip in the ground to jump over ditches.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +===== axe =====
 +
 +{{:theoretisches:axt_bezeichnungen_en.svg?nolink&1000|drawing: axe designations}}
 +
 +
 +==== blade ==== 
 +The blade of an axe runs from the eye to the edge and is a hardened sheet of metal ground on one side only. The cutting edge of an axe always runs parallel to the shaft of the axe. The blade is the shaping part of the axe. Usually the cutting edge of an axe is round to reduce the impact area.
 +
 +
 +==== Eye ====
 +The eye is a sleeve that encloses the shaft of the axe. Attached to the eye at a 90° angle parallel to the shaft is the blade.
 +
 +
 +==== Axe head ====
 +The totality of the eye, blade and cutting edge make up the axe head.
 +
 +
 +==== Wedge ====
 +The wedge is inserted at the end of the shaft, thereby thickening the shaft in such a way as to increase the friction between the eye and the shaft in such a way as to hold the head in place. It is mostly not visible.
 +
 +